<b>Bijsluiter</b>. De hyperlink naar het originele document werkt niet meer. Daarom laat Woogle de tekst zien die in dat document stond. Deze tekst kan vreemde foutieve woorden of zinnen bevatten en de opmaak kan verdwenen of veranderd zijn. Dit komt door het zwartlakken van vertrouwelijke informatie of doordat de tekst niet digitaal beschikbaar was en dus ingescand en vervolgens via OCR weer ingelezen is. Voor het originele document, neem contact op met de Woo-contactpersoon van het bestuursorgaan.<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 1 ======================================================================

<pre>      Pentachloronaphthalene
      (CAS reg no: 1321-64-8)
      Health-based Reassessment of Administrative
      Occupational Exposure Limits
      Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits,
      a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands
      No. 2000/15OSH/025, The Hague, 13 November 2001
025-1
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<pre>      Preferred citation:
      Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational
      Exposure Limits. Pentachloronaphthalene; Health-based Reassessment of
      Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the
      Netherlands, 2001; 2000/15OSH/025.
      all rights reserved
025-2
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<pre>1     Introduction
      The present document contains the assessment of the health hazard of
      pentachloronaphthalene by the Committee on Updating of Occupational
      Exposure Limits, a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands. The first
      draft of this document was prepared by Ir M Busschers, M.Sc. and H Stouten,
      M.Sc. (TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, the Netherlands).
           The evaluation of the toxicity of pentachloronaphthalene has been based on
      the review by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
      (ACG99). Where relevant, the original publications were reviewed and evaluated
      as will be indicated in the text. In addition, literature was retrieved from the online
      data bases Medline, Toxline, and Chemical Abstracts, covering the period 1966
      to 26 April 1999 (19990416/UP), 1965 to 29 January 1999 (19990129/ED), 1967 to 24
      April 1999 (19990424/ED; vol 130, iss 18), using the following key words:
      pentachloronaphthalene, the CAS registry number 1321-64-8 and a number of
      other registry numbers related to positional isomers*. HSDB and RTECS, data
      bases available from CD-ROM, were consulted as well (NIO99, NLM99). The final
      literature search has been carried out in April 1999.
           In April 2001, the President of the Health Council released a draft of the
      document for public review. The committee received no comments.
2     Identity
       name                           :     pentachloronaphthalene
       synonyms                       :     -
       molecular formula              :     C10H3Cl5
       structural formula             :
       CAS reg no                     :     1321-64-8
      Data from ACG99, Ada44.
*     55720-40-6, 55720-39-3, 55720-38-2, 55720-37-1, 55720-36-0, 55720-35-9, 55720-34-8,
      55720-33-7, 51570-44-6, 51570-43-5, 50402-52-3, 50402-51-2, 2437-55-0, and 2437-54-9
025-3 Pentachloronaphthalene
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<pre>      The technical products of chloronaphthalenes are often called Halowaxes. These
      Halowaxes are graded according to their chlorine content and all are therefore
      mixtures of various isomers with one or two main derivatives predominating
      (Ben94, Cro70). Halowax 1013 was reported as a synonym for pentachloro-
      naphthalene (ACG99, Ano85, NIO81), but also as a mixture of mainly tri- and
      tetrachloronaphthalene (Cro70) or hexa- and pentachloronaphthalene (Aho80).
      Halowax 1014 was an indication for pentachloronaphthalene (Ada44), and for a
      mixture of penta- and hexachloronaphthalene (She57) with traces of tri- and
      tetrachloronaphthalene (Cro70). However, Asplund et al (Asp86) analysed
      Halowax 1014 by gas chromatography and reported it as a mixture of tetra- to
      octachloronaphthalenes with penta- and hexachloronaphthalenes as the major
      ingredients.
3     Physical and chemical properties
       molecular weight               :  300.4
       boiling point                  :  327-337 oC
       melting point                  :  120 oC
       flash point                    :  -
       vapour pressure                :  at 20 oC: <0.133 kPa
       solubility in water            :  insoluble
       log P octanol/water            :  6.85
       conversion factors             :  not applicable
       (20 oC, 101.3 kPa)
      Data from ACG99, Gre98.
      Pentachloronaphthalene is a noncombustible, pale yellow solid with an aromatic
      odour.
4     Uses
      Pentachloronaphthalene is used in lubricants and in the manufacture of
      insulation for electrical wire (ACG99).
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<pre>5     Biotransformation and kinetics
      A single oral dose (1 g) of pentachloronaphthalene to rabbits was not
      metabolised into the phenolic and conjugated urinary metabolites that are
      common for the lower chlorinated naphthalenes. Moreover, not more than 20
      percent of unchanged pentachloronaphthalene was excreted via faeces and urine
      over the 4-day period following dosing (Cor58), indicating a possible
      bioaccumulation.
          In another study, rats received a single oral dose of Halowax 1014, being a
      mixture of tetra- to octachloronaphthalenes, with mainly penta- and
      hexachloronaphthalene. After 1 day, all constituents could be found in the
      adipose tissue, but hexachloronaphthalene dominated after 10 and 30 days, and
      was the only detectable compound after 120 days. In the liver,
      hexachloronaphthalene was present at even higher concentrations than in
      adipose tissue and detected for up to 4 months. Bioaccumulation of the other
      chloronaphthalene constituents of Halowax 1014 was not reported (Asp86).
          When dogs and rats on a low chlorine diet were fed with a mixture of penta-
      and hexachloronaphthalene, the chlorine concentration in the urine rose,
      indicating a detachment of chlorine from the compound (Dri39).
          One week after a single intraperitoneal dose (100 mg/kg) of Halowax 1013
      (consisting principally of penta- and tetrachloronaphthalene) and Halowax 1014,
      liver weights of the rats were increased by 19% and 21%, respectively. Halowax
      1014 induced enzymes catalysing drug hydroxylation and glucuronidation,
      whereas Halowax 1013 had far less an effect on these enzymes (Aho80).
6     Effects and mechanism of action
      Human data
      The skin of 6 white and 4 black male volunteers was exposed to Halowax 1014 (a
      mixture of penta- and hexachloronaphthalene) by daily application of 2 mL of a
      3% solution, for 6 to 12 weeks. This resulted in dermal effects ranging from
      increased number of epidermal cells (day 5), follicular involvement without
      erythema (day 10), and follicular accentuation (day 14) to appearance of small
      (week 3-5) and large comedones (week 6-12). Topical application of a similar
      amount of hexachloronaphthalene to 4 volunteers resulted in an identical
      reaction pattern (Ham57).
025-5 Pentachloronaphthalene
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<pre>          Daily application of a mixture of penta- and hexachloronaphthalene (Halowax
      1014) in a 50% mineral oil suspension, for 30 days, to the ear (auricle) of 3 male
      volunteers caused acne. Application of this suspension to 7 different body parts
      (n=3-5/part), for 35 days (biopsies taken at 60 days after the first application)
      caused acne (comedones) in all 31 volunteers. In a third experiment, the back of 5
      male volunteers was treated for 2 months and biopsies were taken at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,7,
      12, and 16 weeks. An alarming fulmigant acne (indistinguishable from acne
      conglobata - grade IV acne) was seen in every subject. Even after dosing was
      ceased, the acne continued to develop in these experiments (She57).
          Mono- and dichloronaphthalenes, used in a plant to shield coils, appeared to
      have no adverse effects on the workers. When these chloronaphthalenes were
      replaced by tetra- and pentachloronaphthalenes, 56 out of 59 examined workers
      exposed to the fumes of these chemicals, developed dermatoses consistent with
      chloracne, and complained of effects such as headache, fatigue, vertigo, and
      anorexia. No adequate data on liver damage were available (Kle72).
          Crow (Cro70) investigated a paper capacitor plant, where exposure to a
      mixture of penta- and hexachloronaphthalenes produced chloracne in several
      workers. When this mixture was abandoned and replaced by a mixture of three
      parts of tri/tetrachloronaphthalene and one part of polystyrene, chloracne
      ceased.
          Seven cases of poisoning from a manufacturing plant for wire cables in which
      pentachloronaphthalene was used for coating were described. All 7 workers
      showed signs of liver toxicity, and 2 of them died. Early symptoms included skin
      effects like rash or depigmentation. On prolonged exposure, the main target
      organ was the liver (Cot44). Although it was suggested that the exposure was
      mainly to pentachloronaphthalene, this is not stated clearly in the report.
      Therefore, the committee is of the opinion that the effects may also have been a
      result of exposure to other chemicals.
          There are several other reports of hepatic injury, chloracne, and/or mortality
      among humans working in plants where chlorinated naphthalenes were used
      (Dri37, Pop97, Str44, War96). Although it was claimed that the main exposure was
      to chlorinated naphthalenes ('Halowax'), no details about the specific types of
      chlorinated naphthalenes or exposure to other chemicals were given. Therefore,
      the committee could not establish the causal role of trichloronaphthalene.
      Animal data
      Irritation
025-6 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>      According to a summary report, a mixture of penta- and hexachloronaphthalene
      (Halowax 1014) is not corrosive to animal skin in a DOT (Department of
      Transport) corrosivity test. No details about the procedures and species were
      given (Car75).
           The rabbit’s ear canal skin was exposed to 1 mL of a 3% solution of Halowax
      1014 (a mixture of penta- and hexachloronaphthalene) for 5 days. A mild
      dermatitis with striking follicular accentuation, thickening of the epidermis, and
      proliferation of the follicles and sebaceous gland ducts were observed. A
      gradual recovery of the effects occurred upon discontinuation of the
      applications (Ham57). Solutions of pentachloronaphthalene (Halowax 1014;
      chlorine content: 60%) in CCl4 or olive oil were applied to the ear and abdomen of
      unknown experimental animals (n=1/experiment). No experimental details were
      presented; no (vehicle) controls were included. Single or repeated application of
      5 or 10% solutions in CCl4 or olive oil, generally induced erythema, follicle
      enlargement, exfoliation, hair loss, thickening, and keratosis. During the
      application and observation periods, the severity of these findings varied from
      very slight to moderate depending on the area, number of applications, and the
      time point of observation. Further, effects were persistent: in one case, very
      slight effects were still present 24 days after ending application (Ada44).
          The chloracnegenic potential of pentachloronaphthalene was tested by
      applying 0.1 mL of a 0.005, 0.01, and 10% solution (vehicle: chloroform) to the
      inner surface of one ear of a rabbit (n=1/concentration), 5 days/week, for 4
      weeks. No response was seen at the 2 lower concentrations while the 10%
      solution caused a questionable response. In a rerun using the 10% solution, a
      positive response was obtained (no more data/details were presented) (Cha71).
      Single exposure
      One out of 3 rabbits of a single oral dose of approximately 500 mg/kg bw, died
      within 7 days after administration (Cor58). A 100% survival dose and a 100%
      lethal dose after single oral administration were determined to be 5 mg/kg bw and
      30 mg/kg bw, respectively, in guinea pigs, and 600 mg/kg bw and 1800 mg/kg bw,
      respectively, in rats (Ada44).
      Repeated exposure
      Inhalation studies on a mixture of penta- and hexachloronaphthalene (chlorine
      content of mixture: 62.6%; ratio not given) in rats (n=80/group) only showed
025-7 Pentachloronaphthalene
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<pre>      marked liver injury (liver cell swelling, granulation, hyaline droplet formation)
      after an average exposure to 1.16 mg/m3 (range: 0.51-2.19 mg/m3), 16 hours/day, 6
      days/week, for up to 134 days (total exposure: 1864 hours), and after an average
      exposure to 1.44 mg/m3 (range: 0.42-2.58 mg/m3), 8 hours/day, 6 days/week, for up
      to 143 days (total exposure: 920 hours). Interim autopsies performed on groups
      of 3 to 15 animals showed abnormalities to increase slightly during the first half
      of the experiment while no further deterioration was seen in the second part of
      the study. However, the effects on the liver were persistent: in animals removed
      from exposure to 1.16 mg/m3 after 105 days, lesions in animals sacrificed
      immediately after removal were generally similar to those seen in animals allowed
      to recover for 2 months. Exposure to an average concentration of 8.8 mg/m3
      (range: 5.75-14.0 mg/m3), 16 hours/day, for 52 days (total exposure: 608 hours)
      caused loss of weight and appetite in all animals (n=80). Mortality was observed
      from day 8 onward. Fifty-five rats died during the exposure period, most of them
      markedly jaundiced, while only 8 rats survived the exposure period. The
      remaining 17 were killed for microscopic examination or by additional experiments
      (Ben38, Dri37). The committee noticed the absence of a control group.
          During dietary exposure to a penta/hexachloronaphthalene mixture (see
      above) at 3000 mg/rat/day, all 10 rats lost weight and became ill from the
      beginning, and died within 33 days. At gross and microscopic postmortem
      examination, there were only effects on the liver (liver cell swelling,
      hypergranulation, hyaline inclusion and vacuolation, necrosis, fat accumulation).
      Daily doses of 1000 mg led to the death or moribund state of all 10 animals within
      55 days. When rats (n=10) were fed a mixture of tetra- and
      pentachloronaphthalene (chlorine content: 56.4%; ratio not given) at 500
      mg/rat/day, they all became ill and eventually died within 63 days. At necropsy,
      only liver injuries were observed. These lesions were comparable to but less
      severe than those in rats fed the penta/hexachloronaphthalene mixture (Ben38,
      Dri37). The committee noticed the absence of a control group.
          Following 20 repeated feedings of Halowax 1014 (stated to be a
      'pentachloronaphthalene' with a chlorine content of 60%) to rats, only effects on
      the liver were observed, varying from very slight to severe at 10 and 100 mg/kg,
      respectively.No effects were seen at doses of 1 mg/kg (no further data or details
      were given) (Ada44).
          Daily oral doses of 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg bw of 'technical'
      pentachloronaphthalene (purity unkown) in peanut oil (6 days/week, until death)
      to guinea pigs (n=1/dose) caused mortality within 7 (at 20 mg/kg) or 48 (at 2.5
      mg/kg) days. Animals (n=1/dose) given doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg bw given for 8
025-8 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>      and 4 days, respectively, died within 15 and 9 days, respectively. All animals
      showed significant body weight loss prior to death. Fatty degeneration of the
      liver was the most striking observation at macro- and microscopic examination
      (Ben66).
          Daily subcutaneous injection (approximately 15 mg/kg bw) of a mixture of
      tetra- and pentachloronaphthalene resulted in the death of all 5 rabbits between
      days 12 and 15. Injection of a penta- and hexachloronaphthalene mixture and of
      the sublimate of that mixture given off at 172oC into rabbits (n=5/group) killed all
      animals between day 12 and 26 and day 9 and 14, respectively. The livers of all
      these rabbits showed signs of yellow atrophy. The sublimate of the tetra- and
      pentachloronaphthalene mixture given off at 192oC did not result in any effect
      (Fli36).
      The committee did not find data on the potential mutagenicity, genotoxicity,
      carcinogenicity, or reproduction toxicity of pentachloronaphthalene.
7     Existing guidelines
      The current administrative occupational exposure limit (MAC) for pentachloro-
      naphthalene in the Netherlands is 0.5 mg/m3, 8-hour TWA.
          Existing occupational exposure limits for pentachloronaphthalene in some
      European countries and in the USA are summarised in the annex.
8     Assessment of health hazard
      Data from occupational exposure (Cro70, Kle72) and experimental dermal studies
      in humans (Ham57, She57) and rabbits (Ada44, Ham57) indicated that
      pentachloronaphthalene causes chloracne. Occupational exposure to
      pentachloronaphthalene was also associated with liver injury and fatalities
      (Cot44). However, the workers were most probably exposed to a variety of
      chloronaphthalenes and other chemicals.
          A single oral dose of 500 mg/kg bw was lethal to 1 out of 3 rabbits (Cor58),
      whereas single doses of 30 and 1800 mg/kg bw were lethal to all guinea pigs and
      rats, respectively. No animals died at oral doses of 5 mg/kg bw (guinea pigs) or
      600 mg/kg bw (rats) (Ada44).
          Following exposure by inhalation or oral administration, the target organ for
      toxicity is the liver.
025-9 Pentachloronaphthalene
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<pre>           Liver injury was noted in rats after inhalation of a mixture of penta- and
       hexachloronaphthalene at average concentrations of ca. 1.3 mg/m3, 8 or 16
       hours/day, for ca. 140 days, whereas exposure to 8.8 mg/m3 (16 hours/day, 52
       days) resulted in mortality and severe liver injury (Ben38, Dri37). Due to the
       mentioned shortcomings (no control group, wide range in exposure
       concentration, uncertainties in the composition of the exposure mixture), the
       committee considers this study not suitable as a starting point for deriving an
       occupational exposure limit.
           After oral exposure (diet), all rats died within about 30 to 60 days and showed
       marked to severe liver injury when given a mixture of penta- and
       hexachloronaphthalene (3000 mg/rat/day) and of tetra- and
       pentachloronaphthalene (500 mg/rat/day) (Ben38, Dri37, Ben66). Twenty
       repeated doses of 10 or 100 mg/kg bw/day of pentachloronaphthalene (Halowax
       1014) produced very slight to severe liver lesions, but no mortality; no effects
       were seen at 1 mg/kg bw/day (Ada44). In guinea pigs, repeated oral doses of 2.5
       mg/kg bw caused mortality within 48 days (Ben38, Dri37, Ben66).
           Daily subcutaneous injection (15 mg/kg bw) of a tetra- and pentachloro-
       naphthalene mixture, a penta- and hexachloronaphthalene mixture or the
       sublimate of the latter mixture, resulted in the death of all exposed rabbits and
       signs of yellow atrophy in the liver (Fli36).
       The committee considers the toxicological data base on pentachloronaphthalene
       too poor to justify recommendation of a health-based occupational exposure
       limit.
       The committee concludes that, based on the effects found in the inhalation
       studies in rats, the present MAC value of 0.5 mg/m3 is too high.
025-10 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>       References
ACG99  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
       Pentachloronaphthalene. In: TLVs ® and other occupational exposure values -1999.
       [CD-ROM]. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH® , Inc, 1999.
ACG00  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Guide to occupational
       exposure values - 2000. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH® , Inc, 2000: 94.
ACG01  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 2001 TLVs ® and
       BEIs® . Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and fysical agents. Biological
       Exposure Indices. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH® , Inc, 2001: 46.
Ada44  Adams EM. The toxicity of chlorinated naphthalenes. Midland MI, USA: Dow Chem Co,
       Biochem Res Lab, 1944 (available from NTIS, Springfield VA, USA; order no
       NTIS/OTS0206141).
Aho80  Ahotupa M, Aitio A. Effects of chlorinated naphthalenes and terphenyls on the activities of
       drug metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 93: 250-7.
Ano85  Anonymous. Pentachloronaphthalene. Dangerous Prop Ind Mater Rep 1985; 5(1): 84-7.
Arb00a Arbejdstilsynet. Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer. Copenhagen, Denmark:
       Arbejdstilsynet, 2000; At-vejledning C.0.1.
Arb00b Arbetarskyddstyrelsen. Hygieniska gränsvärden och åtgärder mot luftföroreningar. Solna,
       Sweden: National Board of Occupational Safety and Health, 2000; Ordinance AFS 2000/3.
Asp86  Asplund L, Jansson B, Sundström G, et al. Characterisation of a strongly bioaccumulating
       hexachloronaphthalene. Chemosphere 1986; 15: 619-28.
Ben38  Bennett GA, Drinker CK, Warren MF. Morphological changes in the livers of rats resulting
       from exposure to certain chlorinated hydrocarbons. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1938; 20: 97-123.
Ben66  Bentz H, Herdmann I. Die Eignung des Meerschweinchens als Testtier zur Feststellung von
       Vergiftungen durch chlorierte Naphthaline. Arch Exp Veterinarmed 1966; 10: 50-7.
Ben94  Benya TJ, Leber AP. Halogenated cyclic hydrocarbons. In: Clayton GD, Clayton FE, eds.
       Toxicology. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994: 2507-13. (Patty’s industrial
       hygiene and toxicology; Vol II, Pt D).
Car75  Carpenter CP. DOT corrosivity tests on industrial chemicals. Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh
       PA, USA, 1975 (available from NTIS, Springfield VA, USA; order no NTIS/OTS0516150).
CEC00  Commission of the European Communities (CEC). Commission Directive 2000/39/EC of 8
       June 2000 establishing a first list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in
       implementation of Council Directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of
       workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work. Official Journal of the European
       Communities 2000; L142 (16/06/2000): 47-50.
025-11 Pentachloronaphthalene
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<pre>Cha71  Champlain C, Norris JM, Gehring PJ. Chloracne study conducted on pentachloronaphthalene.
       Midland MI, USA: Dow Chem Co, Chemical Biological Research, 1971 (available from NTIS,
       Springfield VA, USA; order no NTIS/OTS0206141).
Cor58  Cornish HH, Block WD. Metabolism of chlorinated naphthalenes. J Biol Chem 1958; 231:
       583-8.
Cot44  Cotter LH. Clinical noted, suggestions and new instruments. Pentachorinated naphthales in
       industry. J Am Med Assoc 1944; 125: 273-4.
Cro70  Crow KD. Chloracne. Trans St John’s Hosp Dermatol Soc 1970; 56 (2): 79-99.
DFG01  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): Commission for the Investigation of Health
       Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area. List of MAK and BAT values 2001.
       Maximum concentrations and biological tolerance values at the workplace. Weinheim, FRG:
       Wiley-VCH, 2001: 35, 112 (rep no 37).
Dri37  Drinker CK, Warren MF, Bennett GA. The problem of possible systemic effects from certain
       chlorinated hydrocarbons. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1937; 19: 283-311.
Dri39  Drinker CK. Further observations on the possible systemic toxicity of certain of the
       chlorinated hydrocarbons with suggestions for permissible concentrations in the air of
       workrooms. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1937; 21: 155-9.
Fli36  Flinn FB, Jarvik NE. Action of certain chlorinated naphthalenes on the liver. Proc Soc Biol
       Med 1936; 35: 118-20.
Gre98  Greim H, ed. Chlorierte Naphthaline. In: Gesundheidsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe.
       Toxikologisch-arbeitsmedizinische Begründungen von MAK-Werte (Maximale
       Arbeitsplatz-Konzentrationen). 1st-27th ed. Weinheim, FRG: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH,
       1998.
Ham57  Hambrick GW. The effects of substituted naphthalenes on the pilosebaceous apparatus of
       rabbit and man. J Invest Dermatol 1957; 28: 89-103.
HSE01  Health and Safety Executive (HSE). EH40/2001. Occupational Exposure Limits 2001.
       Sudbury (Suffolk), England: HSE Books, 2001.
Kle72  Kleinfeld M, Messite J, Swencicki R. Clinical effects of chlorinated naphthalene exposure. J
       Occup Med 1972; 14: 377-9.
NIO81  National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Occupational health guideline
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       In: Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) [CD-ROM], issue July 1999.
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<pre>Pop97  Pop W, Norpoth K, Vahrenholz C, et al. Polychlorinated naphthalene exposures and liver
       function changes. Am J Ind Med 1997; 32: 413-6.
She57  Shelley WB, Kligman AM. The experimental production of acne by penta- and
       hexachloronaphthalenes. Arch Dermatol 1957; 75: 689-95.
Str44  Strauss N. Hepatotoxic effects following occupational exposure to halowax (chlorinated
       hydrocarbons). Rev Gastroenterol 1944; 11: 381-96.
SZW01  Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid (SZW). Nationale MAC-lijst 2001. The
       Hague, The Netherlands: Sdu, Servicecentrum Uitgevers, 2001: 37.
TRG00  TRGS 900. Grenzwerte in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz; Technische Regeln für
       Gefahrstoffe.BArbBl 2000; 2.
War96  Ward EM, Ruder AM, Surude A, et al. Acute and chronic liver toxicity resulting from
       exposure o- chlorinated naphthalenes at a cable manufacturing plant during World War II.
       Am J Ind Med 1996; 30: 225-33.
025-13 Pentachloronaphthalene
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<pre>            Annex
Occupational exposure limits for pentachloronaphthalene in various countries.
country                       occupational                   time-weighted type of exposure     notea   lit refb
-organisation                 exposure limit                 average        limit
                              ppm           mg/m 3
the Netherlands
-Ministry                     -             0.5              8h             administrative              SZW01
Germany
-AGS                          -             0.5 c            8h                                 S       TRG00
                                            2                15 min
-DFG MAK-Kom.                 -             -d                                                  S       DFG01
Great-Britain
-HSE                          -             -                                                           HSE01
Sweden                        -             -                                                           Arb00b
Denmark                       -             0.5              8h                                 S       Arb00a
USA
-ACGIH                        -             0.5              8h             TLV                 S       ACG01
-OSHA                         -             0.5              8h             PEL                 S       ACG00
-NIOSH                        -             0.5              10 h           REL                 S       ACG00
European Union
-SCOEL                        -             -                                                           CEC00
a
     S = skin notation, which means that skin absorption may contribute considerably to body burden; sens =
     substance can cause sensitisation
b
     Reference to the most recent official publication of occupational exposure limits
c
     Inhalable dust
d
     As chlorinated naphthalenes, these compounds are listed among substances for which studies of the effects in
     man or in experimental animals had yielded insufficient information for the establisment of a MAK value
025-14      Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
</pre>

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