<b>Bijsluiter</b>. De hyperlink naar het originele document werkt niet meer. Daarom laat Woogle de tekst zien die in dat document stond. Deze tekst kan vreemde foutieve woorden of zinnen bevatten en de opmaak kan verdwenen of veranderd zijn. Dit komt door het zwartlakken van vertrouwelijke informatie of doordat de tekst niet digitaal beschikbaar was en dus ingescand en vervolgens via OCR weer ingelezen is. Voor het originele document, neem contact op met de Woo-contactpersoon van het bestuursorgaan.<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 1 ======================================================================

<pre>      Calcium carbonate
      (CAS No: 471-34-1)
      Health-based Reassessment of Administrative
      Occupational Exposure Limits
      Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits,
      a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands
      No. 2000/15OSH/061, The Hague, 3 March 2003
061-1
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 1 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 2 ======================================================================

<pre>      Preferred citation:
      Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational
      Exposure Limits. Calcium carbonate; Health-based Reassessment of
      Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits in the Netherlands. The Hague:
      Health Council of the Netherlands, 2003; 2000/15OSH/061.
      all rights reserved
061-2
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 2 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 3 ======================================================================

<pre>1     Introduction
      The present document contains the assessment of the health hazard of calcium
      carbonate by the Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits, a
      committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands. The first draft of this
      document was prepared by C de Heer, Ph.D. and H Stouten, M.Sc. (TNO
      Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, the Netherlands).
           The evaluation of the toxicity of calcium carbonate has been based on the
      review by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
      (ACG91). Where relevant, the original publications were reviewed and
      evaluated as will be indicated in the text. In addition, literature was retrieved
      from the on-line databases Medline, Toxline, and Chemical Abstracts covering
      the periods 1966 to June 1998, 1965 to February 1998, and 1967 to June 1998,
      respectively, and using the following key words: calcium carbonate, calcinosis,
      471-34-1, 1317-65-3, and 3983-19-5. HSDB and RTECS, databases available
      from CD-ROM, were consulted as well (NIO98, NLM98). The final literature
      search was carried out in June 1998.
           In December 1998, the President of the Health Council released a draft of
      the document for public review. The committee received no comments.
           An additional literature search in May 2002 did not result in information
      changing the committee's conclusions.
2     Identity
       name                       :     calcium carbonate
       synonyms                   :     carbon acid calcium salt (1:1); atomite; aragomite; calcite;
                                        chalk; limestone; marble
       molecular formula          :     CCaO3
       structural formula         :     CaCO3
       CAS number                 :     471-34-1 (calcium carbonate); 1317-65-3 (limestone)
      Data from ACG91, NLM98.
061-3 Calcium carbonate
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 3 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 4 ======================================================================

<pre>3     Physical and chemical properties
       molecular weight           :    100.1
       boiling point              :    -
       melting point              :    decomposes at 825oC (aragonite)
       flash point                :    -
       vapour pressure            :    -
       solubility in water        :    practically insoluble
       Log Poctanol/water         :    -
       conversion factors         :    -
       (20oC, 101.3 kPa)
      Data from ACG91, NLM98.
      Calcium carbonate is an odourless, tasteless powder or crystal. It exist in nature
      as mineral aragonite and calcite (as in limestone, chalk, and marble). Aragonite
      changes to calcite when heated in dry air to about 400oC (ACG91).
4     Uses
      Calcium carbonate is used in the manufacture of quicklime and Portland
      cement. In addition, it is used in the manufacture of paints, rubber, plastics,
      paper, inks, ceramics, putty, polishes, insecticides, and shoe dressings, and as a
      filler in the production of adhesives, matches, pencils, crayons, linoleum,
      insulating compounds, and welding rods. United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
      grades are used in dentifrices, cosmetics, foods, antibiotics, and
      pharmaceuticals, e.g., antacids. It is also used for removal of acidity from wines.
      Finally, it is the major constituent of limestone (ACG91).
5     Biotransformation and kinetics
      Calcium carbonate is converted into calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and
      water by gastric acid. Some calcium (as calcium salts) is absorbed, but 80% is
      further converted into insoluble salts and excreted via faeces (NLM98, Ric93).
      Single doses of 1 to 12 g of calcium carbonate given to normal fasting human
      subjects caused a dose-dependent transient rise of blood calcium concentration.
061-4 Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 4 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 5 ======================================================================

<pre>      Absorption of 45Ca-labelled calcium carbonate after a single oral dose of 2 g
      amounted to 16.6 ± 8.5% in fasted subjects. This absorption was only slightly
      less than the percentage absorption of a comparable dose of the soluble calcium
      salt calcium gluconate. Patients who were found not to secrete free acid in their
      gastric juices failed to absorb calcium (Iva67).
6     Effects and mechanism of action
      Human data
      Pure calcium carbonate dust is considered harmless (ACG91, Ric93), probably
      because it is eliminated from the lungs by solution.
           There may be a silicosis risk in using impure limestone containing 3-20%
      quartz for stone dusting in coal mines (ACG91, Ric93). Three Japanese
      schoolteachers had developed interstitial pneumonia with bullae. They had
      probably used blackboard chalk that most likely contained small amounts of
      silica and other minerals for many years. At autopsy of 2 of the schoolteachers,
      significant higher deposited amounts of total dust, inorganic dust, non-SiO2
      inorganic dust, calcium, free silica (in one case), and alpha-quartz (in the other
      case) were found in their lungs when compared with controls with chronic
      interstitial pneumonia (Oht95).
           Occupational exposure of 107 workers to lime dust (>90% calcium
      carbonate; exposure levels and duration not indicated) during the making of
      lime at Pong Village (Chiang Mai Province, China) did not result in an
      increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary abnormalities, or
      chest radiograph abnormalities when compared to 58 matched controls (Jie87).
           An association between lime dust exposure (calcium carbonate, 90-94%,
      and silica; concentrations not indicated) and the development of bronchitis was
      suggested in an epidemiological study of 161 limestone quarrymen in India
      (Das83).
           In humans, hypercalcaemia and alkalosis can occur following regular use of
      calcium carbonate (Ric93). The milk-alkali syndrome (characterised as the triad
      of hypercalcaemia, alkalosis, and renal dysfunction) has occurred in individuals
      taking large doses of 4-60 g/day (Bea95, Jen87, Gor89, Kle91, Mul96, Pip71,
      Ric93). Clinically, these patients suffer from generalised weakness, myalgia,
      headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and alterations in the sensorium.
      Especially patients with renal insufficiency are at risk for developing milk-alkali
      syndrome after ingestion of calcium carbonate.
061-5 Calcium carbonate
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 5 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 6 ======================================================================

<pre>          In several countries, an inverse relationship between cardiovascular death
      rates and water hardness has been established. In England and Wales, the
      highest correlation coefficients were found with water calcium and the
      carbonate fraction (Cra72). However, in other studies, conclusions on a possible
      causal relationship between hardness of water and mortality from any cause
      were considered premature due to the existence of numerous confounding
      factors (Mey75).
          Hypersensitivity may result from an interaction between calcium carbonate
      with vitamin D and thiazide diuretics (Ric93). Severe hypercalcaemia has also
      been reported after consuming large amounts of proprietary medicine
      containing calcium carbonate besides hydrochlorothiazide for the treatment of
      epigastric distress (Ric93).
          Calcium carbonate has also been used clinically to reduce phosphate in
      dialysis patients. Long-term treatment (3 years) of haemodialysis patients with
      4.5-9 g/day resulted in microcalcification in vessels and soft-tissue areas of the
      hand (Spe93). Others did not observe soft-tissue microcalcifications after
      long-term calcium carbonate treatment (Fou94).
      Animal data
      In rabbits, dermal contact with 500 mg calcium carbonate (24 hours) caused
      moderate irritation (NLM98, Ric93). Instillation of 750 µg into the eyes of
      rabbits caused severe irritation (NLM98, Ric93).
          After introduction of 125-1500 µg calcium carbonate into the posterior
      chamber of the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits, no vitreal inflammatory
      response was observed (Par97). Injection of 8 mg of calcium carbonate powder
      into the anterior chamber of the eyes of rabbits caused a moderate rise of
      intraocular pressure lasting less than 24 hours (NLM98).
          The oral LD50 in rats is 6450 mg/kg (NLM98, Ric93).
      A single intraperitoneal instillation of 50 mg calcium carbonate particles (mean
      and maximum size 0.8 and 5 µm, respectively) into male Sprague-Dawley rats
      resulted in adhesions and focal lesions scattered over the visceral and parietal
      peritoneal surfaces. Calcium carbonate appeared as a finely divided dispersion
      of white granules in irregular clusters clearly visible through a thin overlying
      film of tissue. The macroscopic appearance of these lesions did not change
      appreciably with time, although they were seen less frequently towards the end
      of the study at 52 weeks. Histologically, foci of calcium salt were surrounded
061-6 Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 6 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 7 ======================================================================

<pre>      by a granulomatous reaction at 2 weeks after treatment. At later stages,
      occasional multinucleate giant cells and some fibrosis were seen, whereas with
      time there was some absorption of the mineral. This change was accompanied
      by such a reduction in the granulomatous reaction that, by week 13, the
      granulomas were generally small and formed mainly of a central basophilic or
      pale-staining core and a thin fibrous capsule with few inflammatory cells. The
      extent of the inflammatory reaction was further reduced by week 26 and 52
      (Pel86).
      Carcinogenicity
      No urinary bladder tumour-promoting activity, pelvic hyperplasia, or
      forestomach hyperplasia were seen in male F344 rats when CaCO3 was given in
      the diet (1.15%) for 72 weeks following tumour initiation by a 6-week treatment
      with 0.2% N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (calculated CaCO3
      intake 845 mg/kg bw/day at week 6, 438 mg/kg bw/day at week 78). In this
      exposure regimen, CaCO3 treatment did not result in effects on body weight
      gain and food and water consumption. Relative liver and spleen weights were
      not affected, and no gross abnormalities were observed. During the first 26
      weeks of dietary exposure to CaCO3, the urinary pH was significantly increased
      (Coh91).
      Mutagenicity and genotoxicity
      The committee did not find data from mutagenicity or genotoxicity studies of
      calcium carbonate.
      Reproduction toxicology
      In female Charles-River CD/VAF Plus rats, dietary exposure to calcium (up to
      1.25% calcium as calcium carbonate, corresponding to an average daily intake
      of 2400-2600 mg/kg bw calcium carbonate) for 6 weeks before mating, during
      mating, and for 20 days after gestation, did not affect reproductive performance
      or parameters for fetotoxicity or teratogenicity. Both the non-pregnant and
      pregnant rats in the exposed groups ate slightly more than did the control group
      during most of the time intervals measured, but not all the increases were
      statistically significant. There was no consistent pattern of increase or decrease
061-7 Calcium carbonate
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 7 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 8 ======================================================================

<pre>      in body weight gain and there were no dose-related changes in maternal clinical
      findings (Sha93).
           In a study in female Sprague-Dawley rats, animals were fed diets containing
      0.1 (low), 0.5 (normal), and 2.5% (w/w) (high) calcium as calcium carbonate
      for 1 week prior to mating, throughout gestation, and during 1 week of
      lactation. The supplementary intake (2% calcium in the diet as calcium
      carbonate) was calculated to be 3300-4100 mg/kg bw/day calcium carbonate*.
      The dose groups displayed no differences in body weight gain, water
      consumption, dam systolic blood pressure, litter size, and sex distribution.
      Femur calcium concentrations were lower in dams fed 0.1% calcium, but not
      affected in 1-day-old or 1-week-old pups. Treatment with the high calcium diet
      resulted in reduced liver, kidney, and femur iron concentrations of the dams and
      pups, and reduced brain iron concentrations in pups. Haematocrit and
      haemoglobin were reduced in dams and pups of the 2.5% calcium diet. Body
      weights and body lengths were reduced at 2.5% dietary calcium in the 1-day-old
      and 1-week-old pups (Bog95).
           To study the effect of dietary calcium and cadmium levels of pregnant
      Sprague-Dawley rats on reproduction and on dam and progeny tissue mineral
      concentrations, animals were treated with diets differing in calcium and
      cadmium concentrations from the day following mating to parturition. Feed
      consumption, body weight gain, litter size, and pup birth weight were not
      affected by increasing the dietary calcium concentration from low (0.07%) to
      high (0.96%) at a given constant (0 or 200 ppm) cadmium concentration. High
      dietary calcium protected against accumulation of cadmium in the pups, but did
      not affect zinc, copper, iron, calcium, or magnesium levels in the pups (Pon75).
           In a study in CD1 mice, female animals received a calcium-supplemented
      diet for at least 10 days prior to mating and throughout gestation until sacrifice
      on day 18 of gestation. The experimental group received an additional 3%
      calcium by weight as calcium carbonate added to the commercial chow and 4%
      calcium lactate added to the distilled water, whereas controls only received
      calcium through the commercial diet (1.2% calcium by weight). The treatment
      resulted in significantly higher calcium serum levels in exposed mothers, but
      did not affect body weight gain, mating frequencies, or the number of
      resorptions or fetal deaths. No gross fetal abnormalities were observed. High
      calcium dietary intake during pregnancy did however result in decreased fetal
      weights and delayed skeletal and dental calcification. It was hypothesised by the
*     Body weights ranged from 270 g at the start of the experiment to 460 g at delivery. Additional calcium carbonate
      intake was calculated with 0.049*BW0.6087, resulting in calculated food intakes of 22.0-30.5 g/day. This food
      consumption corresponded to an intake of 3.3-4.1 g/kg bw/day calcium carbonate.
061-8 Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 8 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 9 ======================================================================

<pre>      authors that fetal hypercalcaemia results in decreased fetal PTH (parathyroid
      hormone) levels and vitamin D metabolites necessary for bone mineralisation
      (Lie89).
7     Existing guidelines
      The current administrative occupational exposure limit (MAC) for calcium
      carbonate in the Netherlands is 10 mg/m3, 8-hour TWA, as inhalable dust, and
      is based on the occupational exposure limit for nuisance dusts.
          Existing occupational exposure limits for calcium carbonate in some
      European countries and in the USA are summarised in the annex.
8     Assessment of health hazard
      Acute effects may include irritation of skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
      Based on an oral LD50 in rats of 6450 mg/kg bw, the committee considers
      calcium carbonate to be of low oral acute toxicity.
          Human or animal data to estimate an concentration-effect relationship after
      inhalation exposure are lacking.
          There is no adequate evidence for a tumour-promoting or genotoxic action
      of calcium carbonate. Effects on reproduction have not been shown. High
      dietary levels inducing maternal toxicity resulted in decreased fetal weights and
      delayed skeletal and dental calcification in rats and/or mice.
          There may be a silicosis risk in using impure limestone or chalk containing
      (3-20%) quartz. No adverse health effects have been reported in the literature
      among workers using calcium carbonate. High oral doses did not produce
      systemic toxicity in laboratory animals, but the occurrence of local effects can
      not be excluded. Therefore, the committee considers a repeated-dose inhalation
      study a prerequisite for establishing a health-based occupational exposure limit
      for calcium carbonate.
      The committee considers the toxicological database on calcium carbonate too
      poor to justify recommendation of a health-based occupational exposure limit.
      The committee concludes that there is insufficient information to comment on
      the level of the present MAC-value.
061-9 Calcium carbonate
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 9 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 10 ======================================================================

<pre>       References
ACG91  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Calcium carbonate. In:
       Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati OH,
       USA; ACGIH, 1991: 195-6.
ACG02a American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Guide to occupational
       exposure values -2002. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH®, Inc, 2002: 19.
ACG02b American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 2002 TLVs® and BEIs®.
       Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and fysical agents. Biological Exposure Indices.
       Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH®, Inc, 2002: 19.
Arb02  Arbejdstilsynet. Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer. Copenhagen, Denmark: Arbejdstilsynet,
       2002; At-vejledning C.0.1.
Bea95  Beall DP, Scofield RH. Milk-alkali syndrome associated with calcium carbonate consumption.
       Report of 7 patients with parathyroid hormone levels and an estimate of prevalence among patients
       hospitalized with hypercalcemia. Medicine 1995; 74: 89-96.
Bog95  Bogden JD, Kemp FW, Han S, et al. Dietary calcium and lead interact to modify maternal blood
       pressure, erythropoiesis, and fetal and neonatal growth in rats during pregnancy and lactation. J Nutr
       1995; 125: 990-1002.
Coh91  Cohen SM, Ellwein LB, Okamura T, et al. Comparative bladder tumor promoting activity of sodium
       saccharin, sodium ascorbate, related acids, and calcium salts in rats. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 1766-77.
Cra72  Crawford MD. Hardness of drinking-water and cardiovascular disease. Proc Nutr Soc 1972; 31:
       347-53.
Das83  Dasgupta AK. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms among radiologically diagnosed chronic
       bronchitic and non-bronchitic quarrymen. J Indian Med Assoc 1983; 80: 52-6.
DFG02  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher
       Arbeitsstoffe. MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2002. Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen und
       Biologische Arbeitsstofftoleranzwerte. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH, 2002; rep no 38.
EC02   European Commission (EC): Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs. Occupational
       exposure limits (OELs). http://europe.eu.int/comm/employment_social/h&s/areas/oels_en.htm.
Fou94  Fournier A, Moriniere Ph, Hamida B, et al. CaCO3: an inefficient and unsafe phosphate binder?
       Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994; 9: 335-6.
Gor89  Gora ML, Seth SK, Bay WH, et al. Milk-alkali syndrome associated with use of chlorothiazide and
       calcium carbonate. Clin Pharmacy 1989; 8: 227-9.
HSE02  Health and Safety Executive (HSE). EH40/2002. Occupational exposure limits 2002. Sudbury
       (Suffolk), England: HSE Books, 2002: 14.
Iva67  Ivanovich P, Fellows H, Rich C. The absorption of calcium carbonate. Ann Intern Med 1967; 66:
       917-23.
061-10 Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 10 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 11 ======================================================================

<pre>Jen87  Jenkins JK, Best TR, Nicks SA, et al. Milk-alkali syndrome with a serum calcium level of 22 mg/dl
       and J waves on the ECG. Southern Med J 1987; 80: 1444-9.
Jie87  Jiemsripong K, Somsup C, Promkutkao C, et al. Respiratory survey of lime workers at Pong Village
       Chiang Mai Province. J Med Assoc Thai 1987; 70: 85-9.
Kle91  Kleinman GE, Rodriquez H, Good MC, et al. Hypercalcemic crisis in pregnancy associated with
       excessive ingestion of calcium carbonate antacid (milk-alkali syndrome): Successful treatment with
       hemodialysis. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 78: 496-9.
Lie89  Liebgott B, Srebrolow G. Fetal toxicity caused by excessive maternal dietary calcium. J Can Dent
       Assoc 1989; 55: 129-33.
Mey75  Meyers D. Mortality and water hardness. Lancet 1975; 1: 398-9.
Mul96  Muldowney WP, Mazbar SA. Rolaids-Yoghurt Syndrome: A 1990s version of the milk-alkali
       syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 27: 270-2.
NIO98  US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Registry of Toxic Effects of
       Chemical Substances (RTECS) [CD-ROM], issue April 1998. SilverPlatter International, 1998 (last
       update calcium carbonate file: December 1997).
NLM98  US National Library of Medicine (NLM). Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) [CD-ROM],
       issue April 1998. SilverPlatter International, 1998 (last update calcium carbonate file: February
       1998).
Oht95  Ohtsuka Y, Munakata M, Homma Y, et al. Three cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with
       bullae seen in schoolteachers. Am J Ind Med 1995; 28: 425-35.
Par97  Park HS, Kim MS. The inflammatory potential of surgical glove lubricants: Biosorb®, Keoflo®,
       calcium carbonate and Hydrocote™ after intravitreal injection. Korean J Ophthalmol 1997; 11: 51-9.
Pel86  Pelling D, Evans JG. Long-term peritoneal tissue response in rats to mould-release agents and
       lubricant powder used on surgeons’ gloves. Food Chem Toxicol 1986; 24: 425-30.
Pip71  Piper DW. Calcium carbonate, hypercalcemia, and peptic ulcer. Br Med J 1971; 2: 774
Pon75  Pond WG, Walker EF. Effect of Ca and Cd level of pregnant rats on reproduction and on dam and
       progeny tissue mineral concentrations. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1975; 148: 665-8.
Ric93  Richardson ML, Gangolli S, eds. C23 Calcium carbonate. In: The dictionary of substances and their
       effects. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1993: 43-4 (Vol 2).
Sha93  Shackleford ME, Collins TFX, Welsh JJ, et al. Foetal development in rats fed AIN-76A diets
       supplemented with excess calcium. Food Chem Toxicol 1993; 31: 953-61.
Spe93  Sperschneider H, Günther K, Marzoll I, et al. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): an efficient and safe
       phosphate binder in haemodialysis patients? A 3-year study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1993; 8:
       530-4.
Swe00  Swedish National Board of Occupational Safety and Health. Occupational exposure limit values and
       measures against air contaminants. Solna, Sweden: National Board of Occupational Safety and
       Health, 2000; Ordinance AFS 2000:3.
061-11 Calcium carbonate
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 11 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 12 ======================================================================

<pre>SZW02  Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid (SZW). Nationale MAC-lijst 2002. The Hague,
       the Netherlands: Sdu, Servicecentrum Uitgevers, 2002: 20.
TRG00  TRGS 900. Grenzwerte in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz; Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe. BArbBl
       2000; 2.
061-12 Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 12 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 13 ======================================================================

<pre>             Annex
Occupational exposure limits for calcium carbonate in various countries.
country organisation            occupational              time-weighted    type of        notea      referenceb
                                exposure limit            average          exposure limit
                                ppm        mg/m3
the Netherlands
- Ministry of Social Affairs    -          10c            8h               administrative            SZW02
and Employment
Germany
- AGS                           -          -                                                         TRG00
- DFG MAK-Kommission            -          -                                                         DFG02
Great Britain
- HSE                           -          10c            8h               OES                       HSE02
                                           4d             8h               OES
Sweden                          -          -                                                         Swe00
Denmark                         -          -                                                         Arb02
USA
- ACGIH                         -          10e            8h               TLV                       ACG02b
- OSHA                          -          15c            8h               PEL                       ACG02a
                                -          5d                              PEL
- NIOSH                         -          10c            10h              REL                       ACG02a
                                -          5d                              REL
European Union
- SCOEL                         -          -                                                         EC02
a
     S = skin notation; which mean that skin absorption may contribute considerably to body burden; sens = substance can
     cause sensitisation.
b
     Reference to the most recent official publication of occupational exposure limits.
c
     Total inhalable dust.
d
     Respirable dust.
e
     Particulate matter containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica.
061-13       Calcium carbonate
</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 13 =================================================================

<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 14 ======================================================================

<pre>061-14 Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limits</pre>

====================================================================== Einde pagina 14 =================================================================

<br><br>