<b>Bijsluiter</b>. De hyperlink naar het originele document werkt niet meer. Daarom laat Woogle de tekst zien die in dat document stond. Deze tekst kan vreemde foutieve woorden of zinnen bevatten en de opmaak kan verdwenen of veranderd zijn. Dit komt door het zwartlakken van vertrouwelijke informatie of doordat de tekst niet digitaal beschikbaar was en dus ingescand en vervolgens via OCR weer ingelezen is. Voor het originele document, neem contact op met de Woo-contactpersoon van het bestuursorgaan.<br><br>====================================================================== Pagina 1 ======================================================================

<pre>Ethanethiol
(CAS No: 75-08-1)
Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits,
a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands
No. 2000/15OSH/120, The Hague, June 8, 2004
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<pre>Preferred citation:
Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational
Exposure Limits. Ethanethiol; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative
Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands,
2004; 2000/15OSH/120.
all rights reserved
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<pre>1     Introduction
      The present document contains the assessment of the health hazard of ethanethiol
      by the Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits, a committee of
      the Health Council of the Netherlands. The first draft of this document was
      prepared by A Spooren, Ph.D., A Wientjes, M.Sc., and H Stouten, M.Sc. (TNO
      Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, the Netherlands).
           The evaluation of the toxicity of ethanethiol has been based on the review by
      the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
      (ACG91). Where relevant, the original publications were reviewed and evaluated
      as will be indicated in the text. In addition, in January 1998, literature was
      searched in the on-line databases Medline, Toxline, and Chemical Abstracts,
      starting from 1966, 1965, and 1967, respectively, and using the following key
      words: ethanethiol, ethyl mercaptan, mercaptoethane, thioethanol, thioethyl
      alcohol, ethyl thioalcohol, ethyl hydrosulfide, and 75-08-1.
           In July 2000, the President of the Health Council released a draft of the
      document for public review. No comments were received.
           An additional search in Toxline and Medline in November 2003 did not
      result in information changing the committee’s conclusions.
2     Identity
      name                     :     ethanethiol
      synonyms                 :     ethyl mercaptan; mercaptoethane; ethyl hydrosulfide; ethyl
                                     sulfhydrate; ethyl thioalcohol; thioethanol; thioethyl alcohol
      molecular formula        :     C2H6S
      structural formula       :     H3C-CH2SH
      CAS number               :     75-08-1
120-3 Ethanethiol
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<pre>3     Physical and chemical properties
      molecular weight        :    62.13
      boiling point           :    35oC
      melting point           :    -144oC
      flash point             :    -48oC (closed cup)
      vapour pressure         :    at 20oC: 59 kPa
      solubility in water     :    poorly soluble (at 20oC: 0.7 g/100 mL)
      log Poctanol/water      :    1.27 (estimated)
      conversion factors      :    at 20oC, 101.3 kPa: 1 ppm = 2.6 mg/m3
                                                       1 mg/m3 = 0.39 ppm
      Data from ACG91, NLM03, http://esc.syrres.com.
      Ethanethiol is a colourless liquid with one of the most penetrating and persistent,
      leek-like (mephitic) odours known. It is flammable and has a dangerous fire risk
      (ACG91). Odour thresholds in air ranging between 0.03 and 90 µg/m3 (0.01-35
      ppb) (Amo83, Rut86) have been reported.
4     Uses
      Ethanethiol is used as an intermediate and starting material in the manufacture of
      plastic, insecticides, and antioxidants, and as an odourant for natural gas
      (ACG91).
5     Biotransformation and kinetics
      Ethanethiol is an endogenous human metabolite. It is excreted in the breath of
      ‘normal’ subjects and in higher concentrations in the breath as well as the urine
      of cirrhotic patients (NIO78).
           From inhalation experiments with 1 or 2 human volunteers, it was concluded
      that 60-80% of the inhaled ethanethiol was absorbed from the lungs into the
      blood at a constant rate (no more details presented) (NIO78).
           The committee did not find other human data.
      In rabbits exposed to about 78 mg/m3 (30 ppm) for 25 minutes, trace amounts of
      ethanethiol were found in the blood. Exposure to about 26,000 mg/m3 (10,000
      ppm) resulted in significant ethanethiol levels in the blood. After ending
      exposure, amounts were very small and decreased very rapidly. Ethylmethyl
120-4 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>      sulphide and diethyl sulphide were detected in exhaled air and the blood (no
      more details presented) (Far94).
           The committee did not find other animal experimental data on ethanethiol.
      From experiments with other thiols including ethanethiol derivatives such as
      diethyl sulphide and ethyl thiobenzoate, NIOSH proposed two metabolic
      pathways. In the one way, the sulphur atom of ethanethiol is metabolised by
      oxidation and is excreted for the major part in the urine as inorganic sulphate.
      The carbon moiety enters the carbon metabolic pool and is excreted ultimately as
      CO2. In the other way, ethanethiol is methylated into ethylmethyl sulphide that is
      converted into ethylmethyl sulphoxide and ethylmethyl sulphone by subsequent
      oxidations (NIO78).
6     Effects and mechanism of action
      Human data
      Available human studies are essentially short-term exposures designed to
      measure odour threshold or accidental exposures.
      Katz and Talbert performed a series of experiments to study odour thresholds of
      amongst others certain thiols including ethanethiol by exposing subjects at
      vapour concentrations ranging from ‘1 part in 10 to 1 part in 1013’ for various
      periods. In addition to the determination of odour intensities, nasal and eye
      irritation were noted. The 6 volunteers involved described the odour of
      ethanethiol as that of decayed cabbage but did not experience significant
      irritation of eyes, nose, or throat (Kat30). Exposure of human volunteers (n=3) to
      10 mg/m3 (4 ppm) ethanethiol, 3 hours/day, for 5 (2 volunteers) or 10 (1
      volunteer) days, produced an increase in the odour perception threshold, mild
      fatigue (measured by an unexplained method), and a reduction of the rheobase*
      of the visual apparatus**, as well as in subjective symptoms such as periodic
      nausea, irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, and nose, and a
      feeling of head heaviness and fatigue. The intensity of odour decreased after 1.5
*     Rheobase is the minimal strength of an electrical stimulus of indefinite duration that is able to cause excitation of a
      tissue, e.g., muscle or nerve; chronaxie is the shortest duration of an effective electrical stimulus having a strength
      equal to twice the minimum strength required for excitation (rheobase) (from: http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd).
      Optical chronaximetry dates from the 1950s and is considered unimportant and obsolete.
**    According to NIO78, the chronaxie of the visual apparatus of the eye was measured by use of an electronic pulsed
      stimulator that applied weak electric discharges to the eyeball.
120-5 Ethanethiol
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<pre>      to 2 hours. The effects were not noted at exposure of 1 mg/m3 (0.4 ppm) in the
      same volunteers exposed 1 month later (Bli65). However, in view of the very
      small number of volunteers exposed and the lack of details concerning the way
      vapours were generated and monitored, the committee cannot draw conclusions
      from this study regarding a dose-effect relation.
          In another study, exposure of 3 volunteers for 20 minutes to approximately
      130 and 290 mg/m3 (50, 112 ppm) caused decreases in breathing rate (in 2/3) and
      increases in minute volume of expiration and tidal volume. Odour fatigue set in
      within minutes of exposure (Far94).
          Citing a report from 1918, it was stated that an accidental exposure of high-
      school students to an estimated concentration of about 10 mg/m3 (4 ppm) for 1
      hour had caused headache, discomfort, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
      NIOSH suggested that these complaints could have been the result of mass
      hysteria and anxiety rather than of specific effects of ethanethiol (NIO78).
      Animal data
      Irritation and sensitisation
      Instillation of 0.1 mL of undiluted ethanethiol into the conjunctival sac of rabbits
      caused slight irritation (Fai58).
          Referring to an unpublished study (dated 1977), it was stated that dermal
      application in rats and rabbits had caused pain and skin discolouration in rats but
      that there had been no persistent irritation. Moderate erythema lasting less than
      24 hours was noted in rabbits after a 4-hour contact period (Far94). The
      committee did not find information on the potential sensitising effects of
      ethanethiol.
          Referring to an unpublished report (dated 1983), it was mentioned that no
      sensory irritation was measured by whole-body plethysmography in mice
      exposed to about 90 mg/m3 (35 ppm) for two 1-minute periods (Far94). In 4-hour
      inhalation experiments in which rats and mice were exposed to concentrations
      ranging from about 6750 (2600 ppm) to about 12,560 (mice) or 13,330 (rats)
      mg/m3 (4832, 5125 ppm), irritation of the eye and nose mucous membranes was
      observed within approximately 15 minutes after exposure to the higher (not
      specified) concentrations (Fai58).
120-6 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>      Acute toxicity
      In rats and mice, 4-hour LC50 values were about 11,500 and 7200 mg/m3 (4420,
      2770 ppm), respectively. Characteristic toxic signs observed in these species
      when exposed to maximal sublethal and lethal concentrations of ethanethiol (and
      of many other thiols investigated in this experiment) included increased
      respiration and restlessness (hyperactivity in mice), uncoordinated movement
      and staggering gait, muscular weakness, partial skeletal muscle paralysis
      beginning in the hind limbs, light to severe cyanosis, tolerance of prone position,
      and mild to heavy sedation. Animals exposed to maximal lethal concentrations
      died from respiratory arrest while those exposed to minimal lethal concentrations
      died being in a long-lasting semiconscious condition (Fai58). Female and male
      rats (n=5/sex) survived a 1-hour exposure to 39,000 and 73,800 mg/m3 (15,000,
      28,400 ppm), respectively, while exposure to about 72,000 mg/m3 (27,700 ppm)
      was lethal to 3/5 females (Ver77). No mortality was found in rats (head-only)
      exposed to about 2580 mg/m3 (991 ppm) for 4 hours (unpublished study dated
      1987) (Far94). In male rats (number not indicated), 85,800 mg/m3 (33,000 ppm)
      was determined to be the concentration causing coma (defined as complete loss
      of the righting reflex) in 50% of the animals. No information on exposure
      duration or mortality was given. Blood levels of ethanethiol greater than 200
      nmoles/mL (±12 mg/L) would induce coma (Zie72, Zie74).
          The acute dermal LD50 (24-hour occlusion) in rabbits was greater than 2000
      mg/kg bw (unpublished report dated 1977) (Far94).
          Following oral or intraperitioneal administration to rats, acute LD50s (15-day
      observation periods) were 682 and 226 mg/kg bw, respectively. The sedative
      action was the most characteristic effect of ethanethiol. Other signs were similar
      to those found in animals exposed by inhalation (see above, Fai58).
      Repeated-dose toxicity
      In an in Russian reported study (published in 1964), mice exposed to
      approximately 5125 mg/m3 (1972 ppm), daily for 4 hours, died after 4 to 9 days,
      apparently from severe CNS depression. At necropsy, inflammatory changes in
      the lung, degenerative changes in the liver, and an increased heart weight were
      observed. In mice exposed to approximately 1025 mg/m3 (394 ppm), daily for 4
      hours, there was a decreased body weight. At necropsy, no pathological changes
      were seen. Following exposure of rats, rabbits, and mice to approximately 100
      mg/m3 (40 ppm), 4 hours/day, for 5 months (see also Bli65), there were minor
      cardiovascular regulatory disorders in rabbits and a mild increase in nervous
120-7 Ethanethiol
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<pre>      excitability in rats. At necropsy, no morphological organ changes were found
      (Far94). Since no more details were presented, such as strain, sex, and number of
      animals exposed, exposure conditions (such as hours a day, days a week),
      quantification and statistical analysis of effects, the committee considers this
      study not suitable for deriving a health-based occupational exposure limit.
          In a study, reported in Japanese (published in 1959), subcutaneous
      administration of 10 and 90 mg/kg* to rats and rabbits daily or every other day
      for 1 year caused localised necrosis at the site of injection and reductions in red
      blood cells and haemoglobin and increases in leukocytes and reticulocytes. The
      most marked changes were noted in the spleen and include hyperaemia, dilation
      of the sinusoids, haemosiderin deposits, fibrosis, erythrocyte destruction, and
      increased haematopoiesis. This haemolysis may have been due to thiol-
      disulphide redox cycling with free-radical formation and specific toxicity to the
      haemoglobin in erythrocytes (Far94, NIO78).
      The committee did not find studies on the reproduction toxicity or carcinogenic
      potential of ethanethiol.
      Mutagenicity and genotoxicity
      Ethanethiol was negative in S. typhimurium (unpublished study dated 1983)
      (Far94).
          Ethanethiol was tested in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay at
      concentrations of 60.6-1000 µg/mL both in the presence and the absence of a
      metabolic activating system. Doses >201.5 µg/mL were toxic or resulted in less
      than 10% survival. No increases in mutation frequency were observed in the
      presence of an S9 mix. When tested without metabolic activation, increases in
      mutation frequency were 1.6, 3.7, and 1.8 at doses of 60.6, 90.5, and 135 µg/mL,
      respectively. The results of this test were considered to be equivocal and
      additional testing using duplicate doses was recommended in order to obtain
      definitive results (Pen85).
          When tested in Chinese hamster ovary cells, it produced statistically
      significant increases in the total number of SCEs and in the number of SCEs per
      chromosome (in both cases 1.2-fold) at 840 µg/mL in the absence of a metabolic
      system. When tested in the presence of a metabolic activation system, this dose
      caused a 1.2-fold increase in both end points as well, but this increase was
*     According to NIO78, doses were 0.01 and 0.09 mL/kg, which would imply that they should have been
      approximately 8 and 75 mg/kg.
120-8 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>      statistically significant as to the total number of SCEs only. At the next higher
      dose level of 2500 µg/mL, all cells recovered were first division metaphases
      which could not be evaluated for SCEs. In a second trial performed with one
      dose level of 2500 µg/mL only - the chromosomes were recovered 43 hours after
      exposure in order to allow for 2 cell divisions - , there were statistically
      significant, 2.4-2.5-fold increases in the total number of SCEs and the number of
      SCEs per chromosomes both in the presence and absence of a metabolic system
      (Pen84).
      In vitro studies
      In in vitro experiments, ethanethiol inhibited both gluconeogenesis and
      ureogenesis in rat hepatocytes, depressed cellular ATP content, and caused an
      increased reduction of the mitochondria. Ethanethiol also affected the oxidative
      metabolism of rat liver and rat brain mitochondria. In ox-heart submitochondrial
      particles, ethanethiol inhibited electron transfer between cytochrome c and
      oxygen. Purified cytochrome c oxidase was inhibited by ethanethiol in a non-
      competitive manner. It is suggested that inhibition of the terminal part of the
      mitochondrial electron transfer chain by ethanethiol was related to the
      mechanism by which energy production in brain is depressed during hepatic
      failure. A suggestion is made that inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer by
      ethanethiol may be relevant in the mechanism by which energy production in
      brain is depressed during hepatic coma (Vah79, Wil80).
7     Existing guidelines
      The current administrative occupational exposure limit (MAC) for ethanethiol in
      the Netherlands is 1 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm), 8-hour TWA.
          Existing occupational exposure limits for ethanethiol in some European
      countries and in the USA are summarised in the annex.
8     Assessment of health hazard
      Ethanethiol is an endogenous human metabolite, which can be excreted in
      breath. In 2 volunteers, 60-80% of the inhaled ethanethiol was absorbed from the
      lungs into the blood at a constant rate. Experiments with other thiols and
      ethanethiol derivatives indicate that ethanethiol may be 1) metabolised by
      oxidation of its sulphur atom followed by urinary excretion as inorganic sulphate
      while the carbon moiety may enter the carbon metabolic pool resulting in
120-9 Ethanethiol
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<pre>       ultimate excretion as CO2, or 2) methylated into ethylmethyl sulphide followed
       by oxidation into ethylmethyl sulphoxide and ethylmethyl sulphone.
            Limited human experimental data suggest that ethanethiol may cause
       periodic nausea, feeling of head heaviness and fatigue, and irritation to the
       mucous membranes of mouth, lips, and nose at exposure to 10 mg/m3 (4 ppm),
       for 3 hours. No such effects may occur at 1 mg/m3 (0.4 ppm).
            Ethanethiol was slightly irritating to the eyes and skin of rabbits. Four-hour
       inhalation LC50 values were about 7200 and 11,500 mg/m3 (2770 and 4420 ppm)
       in mice and rats, respectively, animals showing CNS depression and cyanosis.
       The dermal LD50 in rabbits was >2000 mg/kg bw; the oral LD50 in rats 682 mg/kg
       bw. Ethanethiol was negative in S. typhimurium, produced equivocal results in
       the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay, and elicited a positive response in
       the Chinese hamster ovary SCE assay.
            The committee did not find data from relevant repeated-dose toxicity studies
       including those on the potential reproduction toxicity and carcinogenicity.
       The committee considers the toxicological database on ethanethiol too poor to
       justify recommendation of a health-based occupational exposure limit.
       The committee concludes that there is insufficient information to comment on
       the present MAC-value.
       References
ACG91  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Ethyl mercaptan. In:
       Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati OH,
       USA; ACGIH®, 1991: 636-7.
ACG03  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Guide to occupational
       exposure values - 2003. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH®, 2003: 62.
ACG04  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 2004 TLVs® and BEIs®
       based on the documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical
       agents & Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH®, 2004: 29.
Amo83  Amoore JE, Hautala E. Odor as an aid to chemical safety: odor thresholds compared with threshold
       limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution. J Appl Toxicol
       1983; 3: 272-90.
Arb02  Arbejdstilsynet. Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer. Copenhagen, Denmark: Arbejdstilsynet,
       2002: 25 (At-vejledning C.0.1).
Bli65  Blinova E. [Industrial standards for substances emitting strong odour]. In Russian. Gig Sanit 1965;
       30(1): 18-22 (translated into English by WTSBV, Zeist, the Netherlands, order no 81370).
120-10 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>DFG03  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of
       Chemical Compounds in the Work Area. List of MAK and BAT values 2003. Maximum
       concentrations and Biological Tolerance Values at the workplace Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH
       Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2003: 59 (rep no 39).
EC04   European Commission: Directorate General of Employment and Social Affairs. Occupational
       exposure limits (OELs); http://europe.eu.int/comm/employment_social/health_safety/areas/
       oels_en.htm.
Fai58  Fairchild EJ, Stockinger HE. Toxicologic studies on organic sulphur compounds. Acute toxicity of
       some aliphatic and aromatic thiols (mercaptans). Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1958; 19: 171-89.
Far94  Farr HG, Kirwin CJ. Organic Sulfur Compounds. In: Clayton GD, Clayton FE, eds. Toxicology. 4th
       ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994: 4311-72. (Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology; Vol II,
       Pt F).
HSE02  Health and Safety Executive (HSE). EH40/2002. Occupational Exposure Limits 2002. Sudbury
       (Suffolk), England: HSE Books, 2002: 18.
Kat30  Katz SH, Talbert EJ. Intensities of odors and irritating effects of warning agents for inflammable and
       poisonous gases. Washington DC, USA: Dept of Commerce, Bureau of Mines, 1930; technical paper
       480; cited in NIO78.
NIO78  US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Criteria for a recommended
       standard. Occupational exposure to n-alkane mono thiols, cyclohexanethiol, and benzenethiol.
       Rockville MD, USA: NIOSH, 1978; rep no PB81-225609.
NLM03  US National Library of Medicine (NLM), ed. Ethyl mercaptan. In: The Hazardous Substances Data
       Bank (HSDB) (last revision date ethanethiol file: November 2002; last review date: September
       1992); http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov.
Pen84  Pence DH. In vitro sister chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Ethyl mercaptan. Final
       report. Falls Church VA, USA: Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc, 1984; report available from
       National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA, USA; order no OTS0571884.
Pen85  Pence DH. Mouse lymphoma forward muation assay. Ethyl mercaptan (ethanethiol). Revised final
       report. Falls Church VA, USA: Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc, 1985; report available from
       National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA, USA; order no OTS0571884.
Rut86  Ruth JH. Odor thresholds and irritation levels of several chemical substances: a review. Am Ind Hyg
       Assoc J 1986; A142-51.
Swe00  Swedish National Board of Occupational Safety and Health. Occupational exposure limit values and
       measures against air contaminants. Solna, Sweden: National Board of Occupational Safety and
       Health, 2000; Ordinance AFS 2000:3.
SZW04  Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid (SZW). Nationale MAC-lijst 2004. The Hague,
       the Netherlands: Sdu Uitgevers, 2004: 26.
TRG03  TRGS 900. Grenzwerte in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz; Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe. BArBl
       2003; (9).
120-11 Ethanethiol
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<pre>Vah79  Vahlkamp T, Meijer AJ, Wilms J, et al. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer in rats by
       ethanethiol and methanethiol. Clin Sci 1979; 56: 147-56.
Ver77  Vernot EH, MacEwen JD, Haun CC, et al. Acute toxicity and skin corrosion data for some organic
       and inorganic compounds and aqueous solutions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1977; 42: 417-23.
Wil80  Wilms J, Lub J, Wever R. Reactions of mercaptans with cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c.
       Biochim Biophys Acta 1980; 589: 324-35.
Zie72  Zieve L, Doizaki WM, Zieve FJ. A possible role for mercaptans in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma.
       Clin Res 1972; 20: 783.
Zie74  Zieve L, Doizaki WM, Zieve FJ. Synergism between mercaptans and ammonia or fatty acids in the
       production of coma: a possible role for mercaptans in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma. J Lab Clin
       Med 1974; 83: 16-27.
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<pre>              Annex
Occupational exposure limits for ethanethiol in various countries.
country                           occupational                time-weighted         type of           notea      referenceb
- organisation                    exposure limit              average               exposure limit
                                  ppm         mg/m3
the Netherlands
- Ministry of Social Affairs and 0.5          1               8h                    administrative               SZW04
Employment
Germany
                                                                                                      d
- AGS                             0.5         1.3             8h                                                 TRG03
                                  0.5         1.3             15 min
- DFG MAK-Kommission              0.5         1.3             8h                                                 DFG03
                                  1           2.6             10 minc
Great-Britain
- HSE                             0.5         1.3             8h                    OES                          HSE02
                                  2           5.2             15 min
Sweden                            -           -                                                                  Swe00
Denmark                           0.5         1               8h                                                 Arb02
USA
- ACGIH                           0.5         -               8h                    TLV                          ACG04
- OSHA                            10          25              ceiling               PEL                          ACG03
- NIOSH                           0.5         1.3             15 min, ceiling       REL                          ACG03
European Union
- SCOEL                           -           -                                                                  EC04
a
     S = skin notation; which means that skin absorption may contribute considerably to body burden; sens = substance can
     cause sensitisation.
b
     Reference to the most recent official publication of occupational exposure limits.
c
     Maximum number per shift: 4, with a minimum interval between peaks of 1 hour.
d
     Listed among compounds with MAK values but no pregnancy risk group classification.
120-13        Ethanethiol
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<pre>120-14 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits</pre>

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<br><br>