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<pre>Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate
(CAS No: 107-66-4)
Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits,
a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands
No. 2000/15OSH/117, The Hague, June 8, 2004
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<pre>Preferred citation:
Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational
Exposure Limits. Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate; Health-based Reassessment of
Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the
Netherlands, 2004; 2000/15OSH/117.
all rights reserved
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<pre>1     Introduction
      The present document contains the assessment of the health hazard of dibutyl
      hydrogen phosphate by the Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure
      Limits, a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands. The first draft of
      this document was prepared by MA Maclaine Pont, M.Sc. (Wageningen
      University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands).
           In February 1998, literature was searched in the databases Medline, Toxline,
      and Chemical Abstracts, starting from 1966, 1981, and 1937, respectively, and
      using the following key words: dibutyl phosphate; 107-66-4; and phosphoric
      acid, dibutylester.
           In February 2001, the President of the Health Council released a draft of the
      document for public review. No comments were received.
           An additional search in Toxline and Medline in January 2004 did not result in
      information changing the committee’s conclusions.
2     Identity
      name                     :    dibutyl hydrogen phosphate
      synonyms                 :    dibutyl phosphate; phosphoric acid, dibutyl ester; dibutyl acid
                                    phosphate; di-n-butyl phosphate
      molecular formula        :    C8H19O4P
      structural formula       :
      CAS number               :    107-66-4
117-3 Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate
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<pre>3     Physical and chemical properties
      molecular weight          :     210.21
      boiling point             :     decomposes at >100oC
      melting point             :      ca. –13oC
      flash point               :     188oC
      vapour pressure           :     at 20oC: < 0.1 kPa
      solubility in water       :     slightly soluble (at 20oC: 1,8 g/100 mL)
      log Poctanol/water        :     0.6-1.4 (estimated); 2.29 (estimated)
      conversion factors        :     at 20oC, 101.3 kPa: 1 ppm = 8.8 mg/m3
                                                            1 mg/m3 =0.11 ppm
      Data from ACG91, GCS95, http://esc.syrres.com.
      Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate is a pale amber liquid. It is a moderately strong base
      (ACG91).
4     Uses
      Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate is used in industrial operations as an organic
      catalyst and an antifoaming agent (ACG91).
5     Biotransformation and kinetics
      When single doses of dibutyl hydrogen phosphate of 250 mg/kg bw were
      intraperitoneally administered to male rats, the compound was mainly excreted
      unchanged in the urine (47.6%). Three metabolites were found in the urine, in
      concentrations of 0.1% or less of the administered dose. The rest of the dose was
      not accounted for (Suz84).
           Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate is the major metabolite of tributyl phosphate.
      After single intraperitoneal injections of doses of tributyl phosphate of 250
      mg/kg bw into rats, 16, 1.6, and 0.3% of the dose were excreted via the urine as
      dibutyl hydrogen phosphate in respectively the first, second, and third day. After
      a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg bw, these numbers were 4.6, 0.5,
      and 0.08%, respectively (Suz84).
117-4 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>6     Effects and mechanism of action
      Human data
      Workers exposed to unspecified concentrations of dibutyl hydrogen phosphate
      vapour complained of respiratory irritation and headache. There are no further
      data (ACG91, GCS95).
      Animal data
      Eight-hour semi-occlusive application of 500 µL of dibutyl hydrogen phosphate
      to the ears of rabbits was reported to be highly irritating. Instillation of 100 µL
      into the eyes of rabbits caused severe irritation and corrosion of the cornea
      (GCS95).
          In rats, an oral LD50 of 3200 mg/kg was found (GCS95).
          Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate was negative when tested in S. typhimurium
      strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, with and without metabolic
      activation (GCS95).
      The committee did not find other data on the toxic effects of dibutyl hydrogen
      phosphate.
7     Existing guidelines
      The current administrative occupational exposure limit (MAC) for dibutyl
      hydrogen phosphate in the Netherlands is 5 mg/m3, 8-hour TWA.
          Existing occupational exposure limits for dibutyl hydrogen phosphate in
      some European countries and in the USA are summarised in the annex.
8     Assessment of health hazard
      Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate was severely irritating to the skin and corrosive to
      the eyes of rabbits. The compound was negative in an in vitro mutation assay in
      several S. typhimurium strains.
          The committee did not find relevant human and other experimental animal
      data on the toxic effects of dibutyl hydrogen phosphate.
117-5 Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate
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<pre>      The committee considers the toxicological database on dibutyl hydrogen
      phosphate too poor to justify recommendation of a health-based occupational
      exposure limit.
      The committee concludes that there is insufficient information to comment on
      the level of the present MAC value.
      References
ACG91 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Dibutyl Phosphate. In:
      Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati OH,
      USA: ACGIH®, 1991: 399.
ACG03 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Guide to occupational
      exposure values - 2003. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH®, 2003: 41.
ACG04 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 2004 TLVs® and BEIs®
      based on the documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical
      agents & Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH®, 2004: 23.
Arb02 Arbejdstilsynet. Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer. Copenhagen, Denmark: Arbejdstilsynet,
      2002: 22 (At-vejledning C.0.1).
DFG03 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): Commisson for the Investigation of Health Hazards of
      Chemical Compounds in the Work Area. List of MAK and BAT values 2003. Maximum
      concentrations and biological tolerance values at the workplace. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH
      Verlag & Co. KGaA, 2003; rep no 39.
EC04  European Commission: Directorate General of Employment and Social Affairs. Occupational
      exposure limits (OELs); http://europe.eu.int/comm/employment_social/health_safety/areas/
      oels_en.htm.
GCS95 German Chemical Society - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental
      Relevance (BUA). BUA Reports 105-108. Melamine, BUA Report 105 (June 1992);
      diisopropanolamine, BUA Report 106 (October 1992); 1,6-hexanediol, BUA Report 107 (October
      1992); tri/dibutyl phosphate, BUA Report 108 (Dcember 1992). Stuttgart, FRG: Hirzel
      Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995.
HSE02 Health and Safety Executive (HSE). EH40/2002. Occupational Exposure Limits 2002. Sudbury
      (Suffolk), England: HSE Books, 2002: 16.
Suz84 Suzuki T, Sasaki K, Takeda M, et al. Metabolism of tributyl phosphate in male rats. J Agric Food
      Chem 1984; 32: 603-10.
Swe00 Swedish National Board of Occupational Safety and Health. Occupational exposure limit values and
      measures against air contaminants. Solna, Sweden: National Board of Occupational Safety and
      Health, 2000; Ordinance AFS 2000:3.
117-6 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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<pre>SZW04 Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid (SZW). Nationale MAC-lijst 2004. The Hague,
      the Netherlands: Sdu Uitgevers, 2004: 23.
TRG03 TRGS 900. Grenzwerte in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz; Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe. BArBl
      2003; (9).
117-7 Dibutyl hydrogen phosphate
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<pre>              Annex
Occupational exposure limits for dibutyl hydrogen phosphate in various countries.
country                            occupational                 time-weighted       type of         notea        referenceb
- organisation                     exposure limit               average             exposure limit
                                   ppm          mg/m3
the Netherlands
- Ministry of Social Affairs and 1              5               8h                  administrative               SZW04
Employment
Germany
- AGS                              -            5               8h                                               TRG03
- DFG MAK-Kommission               -            -                                                                DFG03
Great Britain
- HSE                              1            8.7             8h                  OES                          HSE02
                                   2            17              15 min
Sweden                             -            -                                                                Swe00
Denmark                            1            8.6             8h                                               Arb02
USA
- ACGIH                            1            -               8h                  TLV                          ACG04
                                   2            -               15 min              STEL
- OSHA                             1            5               8h                  PEL                          ACG03
- NIOSH                            1            5               10 h                REL                          ACG03
                                   2            10              15 min
European Union
- SCOEL                            -            -                                                                EC04
a
     S = skin notation; which means that skin absorption may contribute considerably to the body burden; sens = substance can
     cause sensitisation.
b
     Reference to the most recent official publication of occupational exposure limits.
117-8         Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
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